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Mobile Medical Computing Reviews > Identifying and tracking disaster victims: state-of-the-art technology review

Identifying and tracking disaster victims: state-of-the-art technology review

AlHuwail, Dari. 2009 Sep 3. Identifying and tracking disaster victims: state-of-the-art technology review. Mobile medical computing reviews. [Online].

This article reviews the latest identification and tracking technologies for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) communication - specifically for expediting the processes for identifying, locating, and caring for victims. No technology was recommended per se since the article aimed to raise awareness of the technologies that have potential to improve MCI communication. Further research is needed for emergency "systems that work seamlessly to identify, geolocate, and communicate time-critical information to rescue workers and family members."

Identifying and tracking disaster victims: state-of-the-art technology review

Pate, BL. Fam Community Health. 2008 Jan-Mar;31(1):23-34.

Reviewed by Dari AlHuwail

Research design/methodology

TYPE: Review of electronic publications examining technologies for disaster victim identification and tracking.

VALIDITY: Only a few publications reviewed were research-based studies that reported on tests of simulated disaster or emergency situations. Non-research sources were included, such as newspapers, presentations, television transcripts, and technical reports.

Eligibility criteria and search methodology

Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles. The databases included MEDLINE, CINAHL, SOC INDEX, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Trails and Reviews. Both existing and evolving technologies were included in the literature review process. Only English language publications that had the keywords “technology” and “identification systems” or “tracking systems” were included. Technologies used for tracking equipment were not included. Sixty-two publications were selected. All publications selected were categorized by type of technology type and then publication format.

Non-research resources were also reviewed for the latest, cutting-edge technologies. Such sources included newspapers, presentations and technical reports. No grey literature was included.

Analysis

Qualitative analysis with abstraction for comparative analysis.

Assessment of methodological quality

The author excluded commercial tracking/identification technologies which limited their analyses and findings. Non-research sources may introduce bias if they serve to market a technology. Additionally, the author acknowledges a shortage in research-based literature addressing specific technologies.  

Research question

What are the latest identification and tracking technologies that could potentially improve Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) communication to expedite the process of identifying, locating, and caring for victims?

Technologies

  • Barcodes
  • Biometrics
  • Forensic odontology
  • Geographical information systems (GIS)
  • Global positioning systems (GPS)
  • Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
  • Radio frequency identification (RFID)
  • Robotics
  • Smart cards
  • Wireless communication devices
  • Wireless internet

Outcome

HIGHLIGHTS: The lack of a system for evacuating pets (i.e., household animals) is a leading cause of emergency evacuation failure. Coupling wireless and geospatial technologies in MCI digital systems may have the greatest impact.

IMPLICATIONS: Integrating the reviewed technologies into MCI operations shows potential to ease and streamline the process of identifying/tracking victims, providing safe medical care and shelter, and reuniting victims with their loved ones.

GENERALIZABILITY: There is insufficient information regarding cost, feasibility, and sustainability of such technologies during non-disaster moments.  This calls for further critical evaluation.

Further areas for research

Future research could review social networking technologies like Twitter for systems design.

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